Educator NK

I. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE OF QUESTIONS;  1. From which Latin word, does the English word ‘city’ come?  Answer: It comes from the Latin word “Civitas”.  2. Name the country in which the towns first grew?  Answer: Mesopotamia (present day Iraq).  3. Give two important components of civilization.  Answer: Urban development and art of writing.  4. When did the cities first begin to emerge?  Answer: Between 5000-6000 years ago.  5. In which areas first towns emerged?  Answer: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)  6. What factors led to the growth of towns?  Answer: Growth of new professions and increased in trade.  7. When was Mesopotamia city UR discovered by the archaeologists?  Answer: 1830.  8. When did the royal city of Mari flourish?  Answer: Around 2000 BCE the royal city of Mari flourish.  9. Give the names of any two early cities of India.  Answer: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.  10. During which period o...

 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:  1. Who were Remulus and Remus brothers?  Answer: Remulus and Remus were twin brothers who founded the city of Rome in the middle of eight century BC.  2. When did Rome establish a Republic?  Answer: 509 BC.  3. Who was the first Roman monarch in 27 BC?  Answer: Emperor Augustus.  4. What was the original name of Augustus?  Answer: Octavian.  5. Give the name of any three monuments built by Augustus in the city of Rome.  Answer: The Ara Pacis Augustus, the Stagnum and Euripus, then Pantheon and the Saepta Julia.  6. Give the name of any four unworthy successors of Augustus.  Answer: Tiberius, Calogula, Claudius, and Nero. 7. Who was Nero?  Answer: Nero was one of the unworthy Roman Emperors and the last ruler of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.  8. What were the names of two Roman Emperors during AD 248-337 who checked the decay of the Roman Empire?  Answer: Emperor Diocletian a...

Q.1. Why was trade Significant to the Mongols?    Ans :- Trade was significant to the Mongols because :  ( i ) Some of the Mongols were pastoralists while others were hunter- gatherers Unlike the Turks they did not take to farming. So to obtain farm products they had to depend upon trade.  ( ii ) The Mongols namodised in steppes of central Asian is tract of land of the modern state of Mongolia There were extreme of temperatures in the entire region horse long waters followed by brief, dry summers. Agriculture was possible only in the pastoral regions during short parts of the year, but since they did not take to agriculture, they had to obtain agriculture products through trade.  ( iii ) Scant resources the steppe tends drave the Mongols and other Ludaleo central Asian nomads to trade and barter with their sedentary iw esi neighbour china.  ( iv )Trade was mutually beneficial to both the Mongols and their donin Chinese neighbour. Mongols exchanged their ho...

                                        TEXTUAL QUESTION & ANSWER Q.1 . Describe two features of early feudal society in France .  Ans :- The term feudalism is used to describe the economic legal , political and social relationship that existed in Europe is the Medieval ear . The two features of early feudal society in France coerce the politico – socio and economic relation ship between the three orders i.e.  ( i ) The Socio – Politico hierarchy of lord vassal.  ( ii ) The feudal mode of production .  ( a ) Lord Vassal Hierarchy :- This was a hierarchical structure where by the big landowner derived their authority directly from the king were vassals of the king and the peasants were vassals of the landowners .  This distribution of authority formed the basis of the political system . The basis of this relationship was a mutual promis...

  TEXTUAL QUESTION & ANSWER Q.1.Which elements Greek and Roman culture were revived in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries ?  Ans :- Elements of Greek and Roman culture were revived in 14th and 15th Centuries .  ( i ) Written works / Literature :- The Universities that arose in odna Bologna took deep interest in the literature Greeks and Romans Writers like Francesco Patriarch stressed on the reading of the Greco Roman works with a focus on cultural traditions . Infact , it was this focus on grammar , rhetoric , poetry , history , and moral philosophy which led to shift from religion and dogmatic thought to debate and discussion . The Study of ancient Greek and Roman literature laid for the development of humanism . The term was derived from the Latin word humanities used by the Roman lawyer cicero centuries ago .  ( ii ) Humanism :- That arose in the 14th and 15th centuries centered on skills of individuals developed by debate and discussion ...

 TEXTUAL QUESTION & ANSWER Q.1. Comment on any points of difference between the native peoples of south and North America.  Ans :- South and North America were home to many native cultures prior to their discovery and settlement Europeans, However, among, the natives of these continents there were many points of bae differences.  ( i ) The society of the natives of south America like. Incas of peru was hierarchical with the king representing the highest authority, followed by priests and shamans. Cultivators and craftsmen constituted the common people.  ( ii ) Basis of civilization of South America natives e.g. incas was agriculture.They terraced hill sides, and developed systems of drainage and irrigation. They grew corn and potato’s and domesticated Tiaras for, food and labour, state maintained cargo granaries which supported nobility, priests and the officials unlike the native South America, those of North America lived by agriculture. They c...