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Textbook Questions Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas. Answer: Examples of various types of global exchanges that occurred prior to the seventeenth century include: The silk routes are an excellent example of cross-cultural trade and global connectivity. Historians have identified several silk routes, both overland and by sea, that connect Asia to Europe and northern Africa. These trade routes carried Chinese pottery, textiles, and spices from India and Southeast Asia. In exchange, precious metals such as gold and silver were transported from Europe to Asia.’ Many of our foodstuffs, such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, and chilies, originated with America’s first inhabitants, the American Indians. America was widely available in food and minerals. After Christopher Columbus accidentally discovered America, common foods such as potatoes, tomatoe...

Textbook Questions Write in Brief 1. Explain the following: (a) Women workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny. (b) In the seventeenth century merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages. (c) The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century. (d) The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India. Answer: (a) Women workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny because: It speeded up the spinning process and reduced labour demand. With the Spinning Jenny only one worker was enough to set a number of spindles in motion by turning one single wheel and could spin several threads at the same time. Women workers in Britain had survived on hand spinning. The new machine caused a valid fear of unemployment among women working in the woollen industry. (b) In the seventeenth century merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages because: The demand for goods incre...

Textbook Questions Q 1.  Give reasons for the following- a) Woodblock print only came to Europe after 1295. Ans. a) Italian traveler Marco Polo traveled to China and studied the art of woodblock printing. He carried this information back with him when he left Italy in 1295. This information gradually migrated from Italy and spread to the rest of Europe. b) Martin Luther was in favor of print and spoke out in praise of it. Ans. b) Martin Luther, a Christian reformer, composed ninety-five theses in 1517 that protested the Catholic Church’s immoral practices and pinned them on the Wittenberg church door. The printing of thousands of copies of Luther’s theses quickly diffused his views across society. The force of printing sparked the Reformation movement and eventually gave rise to Protestantism, which profoundly touched Martin Luther. c) The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of Prohibited books in the mid-sixteenth century. Ans. c) From the middle of the 16th century ...